In part 11, Philo proposes the idea that seemingly contradicts the idea of empirical theism. He says that since there is evil in the world, how can we actually know that God is good? He asks, if we serve an infinitely powerful God, why does evil still take place? If we look out into the universe and see all this evil being done, what could possibly lead us to the conclusion that God is good? He actually says that it is impossible to observe the world and come to the conclusion that God is good, wise, and all-powerful. So why do we still believe in a kind, merciful God? This argument is very solid and dismantles the entire argument of empirical theism. Plus, it is a very interesting argument and perspective. It serves to counteract the earlier "the universe is a harmonious machine" argument that Cleanthes makes, because according to Philo, the universe machine is anything but harmonious. According to Philo, the only conclusion we can draw from observance alone is that God is morally neutral; not good and not bad.
Edit: Commented on Hailey Morgan's and Christian Nelson's posts
Edit: Commented on Hailey Morgan's and Christian Nelson's posts
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